Quizlet

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Clicker 1

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• Give the hybridization for the C in C2F2
  • A) sp3d2
  • B) sp3d
  • C) sp3
  • D) sp2
  • E) sp

E. The lewis structure is linear because of the tripple bond between the two carbon atoms. Linear = sp

Period Two Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

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  • Exactly the same as 1s

Interaction of p Orbitals

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  • blue bond called sigma bond because it is symmetric
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  • Called 2px and 2py because of rotation

Molecular Orbital Energy Ordering

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  • Complete diagram for determining molecular orbital energy ordering for <= 2p orbitals

Practice Problem on Molecular Orbital Theory N2- ion. Determine the electron configuration, and whether the ion is para or diamagnetic

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Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams for SecondPeriod-p-Block Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

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  • Molecular orbital theory accurately predicts magnetism because it shows the unbonded electrons
  • Also gets the bond order correct
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  • Mixing orbitals to get optimal energy

Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules and Ions

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• When the combining atomic orbitals are identical and of equal energy, the contribution of each atomic orbital to the molecular orbital is equal.
• When the combining atomic orbitals are different types and energies, contributions to the MOs are different:
• The more electronegative an atom is, the lower in energy are its orbitals.
• Lower energy atomic orbitals contribute more to the bonding MOs.
• Higher energy atomic orbitals contribute more to the antibonding MOs.
• Nonbonding MOs remain localized on the atom donating its atomic orbitals.

Second-Period Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

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Practice Problem on Molecular Orbital Theory CN-

MO and Polyatomic Molecules

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• When many atoms are combined together, the atomic orbitals of all the atoms are combined to make a set of molecular orbitals, which are delocalized over the entire molecule.
• Gives results that better match real molecule properties than either Lewis or valence bond theories
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Bonding in Metals and Semiconductors

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Clicker 2

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• How many p-orbitals participate in the Molecular orbitals in Benzene and how many MOs does this give?
  • A) 0
  • B) 2
  • C) 4
  • D) 6
  • E) 12

D

Bonding in Metals and Semiconductors

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• The simplest theory of metallic bonding involves the metal atoms releasing their valence electrons to be shared as a pool by all the atoms/ ions in the metal.
• An organization of metal cation islands in a sea of electrons
• Electrons delocalized throughout the metal structure
• Bonding results from attraction of cation for the delocalized electrons.
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Semiconductors and Band Theory

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• Band Theory:
• Electrons become mobile when they make a transition from the highest occupied molecular orbital into higher energy empty molecular orbitals.
• These occupied molecular orbitals are referred to as the valence band.
• The unoccupied orbitals the conduction band.
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  • silicon is an insulator because it has a large energy gap between the valence band to the conduction band of orbitals
  • conductors have no gap
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  • Bigger the gap, the less conduction
    • The funny thing is that silicon is the thing we use for conduction in transistors
      • We add stuff
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  • We add a little boron and it gives an empty orbital between the valence and the conduction bonds and allows for conduction
    • They can hop into the empty orbital

End of Ch 7

• You must finish the homework

Vocab

Term	Definition
(lower or higher?) energy atomic orbitals contribute more to the bonding MOs	lower
(lower or higher?) energy atomic orbitals contribute more to the antibonding MOs	higher
band	when many orbitals are present, their energy difference becomes relatively small and we refer to them as this