Week 11 - Day 1 (Ch 13 Pt 1 Emotions and Their Functions)
Quizlet on terms from this lecture
Emotions & Their Functions
Questions
- What are emotions?
- How do we know what
- emotions we are
- feeling?
- How do we communicate our emotions?
- How do we recognize emotions in others?
- What happens when we recognize emotions in other people?
- What functions do emotions serve?
- How might emotions have provided evolutionary benefits?
The Components of Emotioin
- Physiological changes
- Face
- Brain
- Body
- Cognitive processes
- Beliefs & understandings
- Why do we feel the way we do
- Labeling our own emotions
- Action tendencies
- Fight or flight
- Embrace or withdraw
- Culture and social context play a role
Audio 0:03:12
Positive & Negative Emotions
- Independent
- Can feel them both at the same time
- Different neurotransmitters:
- Positive = dopamine (the reward chemical)
- Negative = norepinephrine
- Graduation: May feel happy & sad cry either way
Two Main Types of Emotions
- Primary Emotions
- Secondayr Emotions
Primary Emotions
- Five to Seven:
- (Audio 0:06:50)
- Fear, sadness, happiness/joy, disgust, anger
- Maybe surprise and/or contempt
- Evolutionarily adaptive
- Shared across cultures
- Associated with specific physical states
- These emotions are universal
- Some are more associated with specific states
- Inside Out is actually fairly accurate
Secondary Emotions
Audio 0:08:40
+ Secondary emotions are blends of primary emotions
+ Examples: Remorse, guilt, submission, pride, shame, embarrassment, anticipation, relief, disappointment, nervousness, etc.
+ Anger + sadness = guilt
+ 
Grimace Project
Circumplex Model
- Audio 0:11:13
- Two axes:
- Valence: Positive or negative
- Activation: Aroused or not aroused
- Physiological state that may include increased brain activity and/or autonomic arousal (increased heart rate, sweating, muscle tension, etc.)
- With depressive emotions, you kind of lose ability to use some of your extremeties
- Ex: depressed, not fun, not arroused
- happy: aroused and positive
How do we experience emotions?
Audio 0:14:30 + Three theories + James-Lange Theory + Cannon-Bard Theory + The Schachter-Singer 2-Factor Theory
James-Lange Theory
- Physical change leads person to feel an emotion
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
- Mold facial muscles to mimic an emotion: activate the associated emotion
- Facial expression triggers the experience of the emotion
- People holding it like the girl on the left found jokes funnier than people holding it like the girl on the right
- “Fake it until you make it”
- Audio 0:18:50
- Therapy technique for depression
- Going through routines of life as if one enjoys them actually enjoying them
- Laughter Yoga
- Prolonged voluntary laughter performed in groups, emphasizing eye contact and playfulness
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZvYBjbWXR0 + when you make yourself laugh, it makes you happier
Cannon-Bard Theory
Audio 0:21:00
+ Experience two separate things at roughly the same time: an emotion & a physical reaction
+ Describes that the reactions are not because of the stimulus, it’s the emotion
+ 
The Schacter-Singer 2-Factor Theory
- How arousal is labeled determines the experience of emotion
- Appraisals: beliefs, perceptions, expectations, and judgments that people use to explain their own and others’ behaviors, including which emotion a person will feel in a given circumstance
Misattribution of Arousal
bridge story
Excitation Transfer
- Rollercoasters, movies, etc. Cause you to be aroused and intensify your emotions. Might make you more attracted or passionate about the people around you
Emotions are Adaptive
Audio 0:32:05 + Facial Expressions Communicate Emotion + Emotions Serve Cognitive Functions + Decision Making + Emotions Strengthen Interpersonal Relations + Guilt Strengthens Social Bonds + Discourages damaging behavior encourages positive interpersonal + behavior (motivation) + Signal of closeness and caring to other person + Manipulation tactic
Facial Expressions
- Use others’ facial expressions to predict their behavior
- Clues about whether our behavior is acceptable and pleasing to others
- Rejection
- Attack
- Affiliation
- Most important:
- Eyes
- Mouth
Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fear, sadness, joy, disgust, anger | Primary emotions |
| excitation transfer | The effect of arousing things on your emotions toward the people around you |
| Components of emotions | includes physiological changes, cognitive processes, and action tendencies |
| Secondary emotions | includes guilt, pride, shame, etc. |
| Circumplex model | Model with two axes which describes the physical activation of parts of the body by specific emotions |
| James-Lange Theory | Theory of emotion that says physical change leads person to feel emotion |
| Facial Feedback Hypothesis | Hypothesis that says making a face associated with an emotion will make you feel that emotion |
| Cannon-Bard Theory | Theory of emotion that says emotional expression and feeling emotion happen independently. |
| The Schachter-Singer 2-Factor Theory | Theory of emotion that says how we label emotion determines how we experience it |
| Appraisals | Beliefs, perceptions, expectations, and judgments that people use to explain their own and others’ behaviors |